Calculation method of photovoltaic power station power generation, theoretical annual power generation = annual average total solar radiation * total battery area * photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, due to the influence of various factors, the actual power generation of photovoltaic power stations is not that much. Actual annual power generation = theoretical annual power generation * actual power generation efficiency. So what factors affect the power generation of photovoltaic power plants?
1.1. Solar radiation amount
Solar cell modules are devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. The intensity of light radiation directly affects the amount of power generated. Solar radiation data in various regions can be obtained through the NASA meteorological data query website, or with the help of photovoltaic design software such as PV-SYS and RETScreen.
1.2. Inclination angle of solar cell modules
The data obtained from the weather station is generally the amount of solar radiation on the horizontal plane, which is converted into the amount of radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic array, so that the power generation of the photovoltaic system can be calculated. The optimal tilt angle is related to the latitude of the project location. The approximate experience values are as follows:
A. Latitude 0°~25°, tilt angle equal to latitude
B. Latitude 26°~40°, inclination equal to latitude plus 5°~10°
C. Latitude 41°~55°, inclination equal to latitude plus 10°~15°
1.3. Conversion efficiency of solar cell modules
1.4. System losses. Like all products, during the 25-year life cycle of a photovoltaic power station, the component efficiency and electrical component performance will gradually decrease, and the power generation will decrease year by year. In addition to these natural aging factors, there are also quality issues of components and inverters, circuit layout, dust, series and parallel losses, cable losses and other factors.
In the financial model of a general photovoltaic power station, the system power generation will decrease by about 5% in three years, and the power generation will decrease to 80% after 20 years.
1.4.1 Combination loss
Any series connection will cause current loss due to the current difference of the components; parallel connection will cause voltage loss due to the voltage difference of the components; and the combined loss can reach more than 8%, and the China Engineering Construction Standardization Association standard stipulates that it is less than 10%.
Therefore, in order to reduce portfolio losses, attention should be paid to:
1) Components with consistent current should be strictly selected and connected in series before installation in the power station.
2) The attenuation characteristics of the components are as consistent as possible.
1.4.2 Dust blocking
Among all the factors that affect the overall power generation capacity of photovoltaic power stations, dust is the number one killer. The main impacts of dust on photovoltaic power stations are: by blocking the light reaching the components, thereby affecting the power generation; affecting heat dissipation, thus affecting the conversion efficiency; acidic and alkaline dust is deposited on the surface of the components for a long time, corroding the panel surface and causing the panel surface to be rough and uneven. It is conducive to further accumulation of dust and increases the diffuse reflection of sunlight. Therefore, the components need to be wiped and cleaned from time to time.
At this stage, there are three main methods for cleaning photovoltaic power stations: sprinklers, manual cleaning, and robots.
1.4.3 Temperature characteristics
When the temperature rises by 1°C, crystalline silicon solar cells: the maximum output power drops by 0.04%, the open circuit voltage drops by 0.04% (-2mv/°C), and the short circuit current increases by 0.04%. In order to reduce the impact of temperature on power generation, components should be maintained with good ventilation conditions.
1.4.4 Line and transformer losses
The line loss of the system's DC and AC circuits must be controlled within 5%. For this reason, the design must use wires with good electrical conductivity, and the wires need to have sufficient diameter. During system maintenance, special attention should be paid to whether the connectors and terminals are secure.
1.4.5 Inverter efficiency
Since the inverter has inductors, transformers and power devices such as IGBT and MOSFET, it will generate losses during operation. Generally, the efficiency of string inverters is 97-98%, the efficiency of centralized inverters is 98%, and the efficiency of transformers is 99%.
1.4.6 Shadow and snow occlusion
In distributed power stations, if there are tall buildings around, they will cast shadows on the components and should be avoided as much as possible during design. According to the circuit principle, when components are connected in series, the current is determined by the smallest component. Therefore, if there is a shadow on one component, it will affect the power generation of this component. When there is snow on the components, it will also affect power generation and must be removed as soon as possible.
Q: What components are included in on grid solar system?
A: Solar panels, on grid inverter, cables, MC4 connectors and mounting system.
Q: Can I add solar batteries to the solar system in the future?
No, on grid solar system is without batteries, and it can not storage electricity. If you need to storage electricity for night use, you can choose off grid solar system or hybrid solar system.
Q: Which situation is suitable for on grid solar system?
A:Usually, you need a stable public electricity, because you need connect the solar system to the public electricity grid. And when the public electricity is off, the solar system will also stop working. In most of country, government provide subsidy for who installed the on grid solar system. Of course you need to get approval before you get you solar system into the grid.
Q:What if we don’t have policy about the on grid solar system and we are not allowed to sell electricity to the grid?
A: In this case, if you want to install a on grid solar system, you need the backflow protection devices, then the solar system will only supply power for your home appliance without injecting into the grid.
Q:What is the difference between on grid and off grid solar system?
A: On grid is suitable for cities those with stable public electricity and subsidy from government. Off grid is suitable for cities without stable public electricity or without electricity at all, like a island, a farm far away form center city. In another hands, off grid solar system is with batteries to storage power for night use, and batteries cause the higher cost of off grid system. on grid is without batteries, and cost is lower than off grid.
Q: Is it easy to install the system?
A: Yes, it is easy. We will provide installation manual after you receive the product. The manual shows how to connect panels and install the system in details. We will also send you single line drawing of the system.
Q: Can you provide MW projects?
A: Yes. We build our EPC Team in 2015. And We noe have built many commercial MW project in different countries, such as Vietnam, Germany, Sweden, etc. We can provide complete solution and equipment for the whole project, and we can send our technical team to the project sites to provide technical supports.
Q: How can I claim for the warranty of the solar system ?
A: If any part broken, we will send you new parts after the problem caused by quality.
If your project doesn’t work well, we can also send engineer to help you solve the problem. For example, we built a project in Djibouti, and it had a small problem with the system and the owner can’t found a solution. Then we send a engineer to figure it out and problem solved.
1. Where is Bluesun's warehouse located in the United States?
Re:Long Beach, USA, email: info@bluesunpv.com
2. How to book my solar panel inventory?
Re: Please confirm your appropriate panel model with 10% down payment that works. The official Proforma Invoice and Inventory Booking Note will be sent from Bluesun Sales Team.
3. What's my benefits after downing payment?
Re: Book your own solar panel and lock the cost in Bluesun system. First delivery after the shipment arrival.
4. In case any shipping or my project planning adjustment, can I have order cancellation and payment refund?
Re: Yes, we could support the order cancellation before the shipment Long Beach WHS arrival and the down payment will be refunded then.
5. Could I have "To Door" delivery service?
Re: Yes, we could help arrange inland to door delivery, the Logistic fee will be charged based on your actual delivery miles. Please advise your final delivery location, Bluesun team will send the logistic cost for your Initial review.
6. If any panel damaged during the transportation, could I have the replacement freely?
Re: Yes, If panel damage founded at your receiving please advise Bluesun sales with pictures details.
7. What about solar panel warranty?
Bluesun Solar Module with official 12-15 years product warranty, 25-30 years linear power performance warranty. Please contact our sales representative for official warranty document.
Solar Inverter Fault Codes And Solutions
|
Error code |
Illustrate |
Trigger reason |
Solution |
|
Display |
Screen blank |
1. There is no power supply to the machine. |
1. Check whether the battery circuit breaker, PV circuit breaker, and AC in circuit breaker are closed? |
|
【01】 |
Battery undervoltage protection |
The battery voltage is too low, the voltage is lower than the value set by parameter【14】 |
1. Check the battery type, whether it corresponds to the battery type set by the machine. (parameter: item 08). |
|
【02】 |
Battery average discharge current overcurrent (software detection) |
1. The battery discharge current lasts for 1 minute and is greater than 118A (the specific model has different discharge current limits). |
There are two ways to eliminate the 02 fault: |
|
【03】 |
Battery missing warning |
1. The battery is not connected. |
1. Check whether the battery is connected normally? |
|
【04】 |
Battery over-discharge protection |
1. The battery voltage is low, triggering the battery over-discharge protection. |
1. Measure the actual voltage of the battery or check the display screen of the machine to display the actual voltage of the battery, which is lower than the 12 parameter values: |
|
【05】 |
Battery overcurrent protection |
1. The hardware detects battery discharge overcurrent. |
1. Power off and restart the machine. |
|
【06】 |
Battery Overvoltage Protection |
1. Charging the battery causes the battery to be in an overcharged state. |
1. Disconnect the PV and mains power, restart the machine, |
|
【07】 |
Internal battery boost circuit overvoltage hardware protection |
The hardware detects that the battery voltage input boost causes the bus voltage to be too high. |
1. Power off and restart the machine. |
|
【08】 |
Internal battery boost circuit overvoltage software protection |
The software detects that the battery voltage input boost causes the bus voltage to be too high. |
|
|
【09】 |
PV input overvoltage |
1. The PV voltage input is too high, and the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series is unreasonable, resulting in the open circuit voltage exceeding the maximum allowable input voltage limited by the software. |
1. Use a multimeter to check the PV input voltage, whether it exceeds or is very close to the allowable input voltage of the machine? |
|
【10】 |
PV charging overcurrent software protection |
The number of external photovoltaic modules connected in parallel is unreasonable, causing the photovoltaic input current to exceed the maximum allowable input current limited by the software. |
1. Boost overcurrent software protection. Reduce the number of PV modules connected in parallel. |
|
【11】 |
PV charging overcurrent hardware protection |
The number of external photovoltaic modules connected in parallel is unreasonable, causing the photovoltaic input current to exceed the maximum allowable input current limited by the software. |
1. Boost overcurrent hardware protection. Reduce the number of PV modules connected in parallel. |
|
【12】 |
Master-slave chip SPI communication failure |
Communications disrupted. |
1. About 10 seconds, it will be cleared automatically. |
|
【13】 |
Bypass overload (software detection) |
The mains bypass detection output current is greater than 1.25 times/1.5 times the rated current. |
1. Reduce the load power. |
|
【14】 |
Inverter overload (software detection) |
The battery inverter detects that the output current is greater than 1.25 times/1.5 times the rated current. |
|
|
【15】 |
Inverter overcurrent (hardware detection) |
The battery inverter detects that the output current is greater than 1.25 times/1.5 times the rated current. |
1. Automatic reset: automatic reset within 5 minutes; |
|
【16】 |
Slave Chip Request Shutdown Fault |
Hardware signal trigger failure. |
1. Power off and restart the machine. (After confirming that the machine displays an off screen, start the machine) |
|
【17】 |
Inverter short circuit protection |
During the battery inverter process, a short circuit on the AC output side causes the AC output current to be too large. |
1. Carefully check the load connection and clear the short-circuit fault point; |
|
【18】 |
Bus Soft Start Fault |
Battery boost start failed. |
1. Power off and restart the machine. (After confirming that the machine displays an off screen, start the machine) |
|
【19】 |
PV side radiator over-temperature protection |
The temperature of the cooling block on the PV side exceeds 90°C for 3s. |
1. Automatic reset: When the temperature cools down to below 85°C, it will automatically return to normal charge and discharge control. (There will be some differences depending on the model, the normal temperature is 85°C) |
|
【20】 |
Inverter radiator over-temperature protection |
The temperature of the cooling block on the inverter side exceeds 90°C for 3s. |
|
|
【21】 |
Fan failure (hardware detection) |
The temperature of the cooling block on the inverter side exceeds 90°C for 3s. |
1. After shutting down, turn on the fan manually to check whether there is foreign matter blocking. |
|
【23】 |
Model error |
1. The control board does not match the power board or the internal software of the control board does not match |
1. contact us for direct remote control (prepare computer, install host computer software, USB2.0 cable, install sunflower remote control software) |
|
【25】 |
Bus short circuit |
MOS tube damage. |
Please contact us. |
|
【26】 |
Input relay short circuit |
1. It is detected that the bypass output voltage is lower than the actual AC input voltage |
1. Disconnect the PV, mains and load, restart the machine, and only connect the battery; see if the fault will be eliminated. |
|
【28】 |
Mains input phase error |
Stand-alone phase splitting machine, L1, L2 phase input of mains input is wrong. |
1. Check the 39 parameters of the machine to determine whether it needs single-phase or split-phase input and output? |
|
【29】 |
Bus undervoltage fault |
The software detects that the bus voltage is less than 350V for 60s. |
1. Check whether the battery voltage is low, |
|
【30】 |
Alarm when the battery capacity rate is lower than 10% |
After connecting to the BMS, the battery capacity rate SOC is lower than 10% for 10s (this is the value transmitted by the battery BMS). |
1. Check the setting parameters of 58 and 59 of the corresponding machine, and whether the current battery SOC is high or low. If it is lower than the current battery SOC, it is normal, and it can be charged normally; if it cannot be charged normally, please check 07\28\36 Whether the charging current of the setting item is normal. |
|
【31】 |
Alarm when the battery capacity rate is lower than 5% |
After connecting to the BMS, the battery capacity rate SOC is lower than 5% for 10s (this is the value transmitted by the battery BMS). |
|
|
【32】 |
Low battery shutdown |
After connecting to the BMS, the battery capacity rate SOC is lower than 0% for 10s (this is the value transmitted by the battery BMS). |
|
|
【34】 |
Parallel can communication failure |
The software detects that the can communication data has not been received for 40ms in a row, and the fault will only occur in parallel. |
1. Check whether the DB15 black communication line under the device is connected normally. |
|
【35】 |
Parallel machine ID setting error |
The fault occurs only when the parallel device ID address is duplicated. |
1. Check the [30] setting parameters of each device to see if there are duplicate ID addresses. |
|
【37】 |
Parallel current sharing fault |
1. The difference between the load of the local machine and the average load of the parallel machine is more than 1KW, and lasts for 10s, and the fault will only occur in the parallel machine |
1. Check whether the 2p red and black current equalizing wires under the device are not properly connected. |
|
【38】 |
Parallel mode, battery voltage difference is large (software detection) |
1. When the battery is in parallel, the voltage deviation of the battery to each machine is relatively large |
1. AC IN inputs the input power of the same phase. (If a three-phase parallel application is used, 3P1 is connected to L1, 3P2 is connected to L2, and 3P3 is connected to L3; if a single-phase parallel application is used, the L line of the input AC IN is the same phase;) |
|
【39】 |
In parallel mode, the mains input source is inconsistent |
||
|
【40】 |
Parallel mode, hardware synchronization signal failure |
In parallel mode, the software detects that the carrier frequency is not synchronized, and the power frequency synchronization signal is not synchronized. |
1. Make sure the AC input power frequency is stable. |
|
【41】 |
Inverter voltage DC component is abnormal (software detection) |
The inverter voltage cannot reach the AC output voltage standard. |
1. The machine is only connected to the battery, and restarts when the power is off (if the fault is not reported, it is on the photovoltaic, mains, and load) |
|
【42】 |
Parallel program versions are inconsistent |
The software version stored inside the control board is inconsistent. |
1. Check whether the software version of each machine is consistent |
|
【43】 |
Parallel mode, parallel wiring fault |
The software detects that there is a high-level signal input in the parallel connection line. |
1. Determine the required parallel mode: single-phase parallel or three-phase parallel |
|
【44】 |
Serial number information error |
Two machines with the same serial number appear in the parallel system. |
1. Power off and restart. |
|
【45】 |
Parallel mode setting error |
The software detects that there are the same settings in [31] items of different devices. |
1. Determine the required parallel mode: single-phase parallel, split-phase parallel, or three-phase parallel |
|
【57】 |
Leakage current exceeding protection |
AC output leakage |
Please contact us. |
|
【58】 |
BMS communication error |
There is no communication between the machine and the battery |
1. If the 58 fault or the LI icon flashes, the communication is not successful. |
|
【59】 |
BMS alarm |
1. After checking the lithium battery BMS fault type, clear the lithium battery fault; |
1. Stop charging\start charging, and wait for recovery. |
|
【60】 |
BMS battery low temperature alarm |
Lithium battery BMS detected low temperature |
1. Stop charging, and start charging after the temperature is normal. |
|
【61】 |
BMS battery over temperature alarm |
Lithium battery BMS detected overheating |
1. Stop charging, and start charging after the temperature is normal. |
|
【62】 |
BMS battery overcurrent alarm |
Lithium battery BMS battery overcurrent protection |
1. Stop charging and wait for automatic resumption of charging. |
|
【63】 |
BMS battery undervoltage alarm |
Lithium battery BMS battery voltage is too low |
1. The battery needs to be charged, and it will automatically recover (after the bms undervoltage occurs, the battery voltage>=35 setting items).
|
|
【64】 |
BMS battery overvoltage alarm |
When charging, trigger lithium battery BMS single string or overall battery overvoltage alarm |
1. The machine will automatically stop charging when it receives a fault from the battery. 【Waiting will automatically resume】
|
Tel : +86-18226168857
Email : info@bluesunpv.com
Whatsapp : +86-18226168857
Add :1499 Zhenxing Road, Shushan District, Hefei,China
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